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Comparative Analysis of Applications and Disbursements of Loans to Beneficiaries by Bank of Agriculture in Anambra State, Nigeria
Isibor Annunciata Chinwe,
Nkamigbo Darlington Chineze
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
195-200
Received:
21 May 2019
Accepted:
29 June 2019
Published:
5 August 2019
Abstract: The study investigated the comparative analysis of loan applications and disbursements to large and small scale farmer beneficiaries of Bank of Agriculture from 2010-2016 in Anambra State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of the large and small scale farmer beneficiaries, to estimate the total amounts of applications and disbursements to large and small farmer beneficiaries of BOA loans and constraints militating against loan administration by BOA staff. A multistage sampling procedure involving purposive and random sampling methods were used to select 256 respondents for the study. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected using two sets of questionnaire; one for the farmers and the other for the bank officials while secondary data were sourced from loan transaction records in the headquarters and branch offices of BOA in the State. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics technique. Findings indicated that the large scale farmers were more advanced in age, more educated, had higher years of farming experience, number of persons in the household and number of males among them than the small scale farmers, who, however, were better at repayment. Majority (60.00%) of applications and 60.33% of disbursements to the large scale farmers were for poultry and fish production while the small scale farmers’ most (53.28%) applications and disbursements (53.26%) were for the production of crops. The most serious constraints to loan administration by the bank staff were low repayment rate, inadequate fund for lending, insufficient staff for credit administration, inadequate collateral provision and loan diversion by beneficiaries. The provision of more funds, more skilled staff, and adequate logistics to the BOA by government, timely disbursed of approved amount, minimization of bureaucratic procedure involved in the administration of the facilities by the BOA and formation of more cooperative groups by the beneficiaries were recommended.
Abstract: The study investigated the comparative analysis of loan applications and disbursements to large and small scale farmer beneficiaries of Bank of Agriculture from 2010-2016 in Anambra State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of the large and small scale farmer beneficiaries, to estimate the total am...
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Index-based Analysis of Georgian Wine Export's Competitiveness on a Global Market
Lasha Zivzivadze,
Tengiz Taktakishvili
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
201-206
Received:
21 June 2019
Accepted:
22 July 2019
Published:
5 August 2019
Abstract: The main objective of the article is to determine competitiveness of Georgian wine exports. Initially, it is shown the current situation of Georgian wine export industry. In analysis part it is taken first 28 countries, where Georgia exports the wine and the period is defined from 2008-2018. In the methodological part, in order to determine competitiveness of Georgian wine it is used the Trade Intensity Index, Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (Balassa Index) and the competitiveness Index of Wine Exports between Georgia and other countries. Based on the results and discussion it should be concluded that Georgia has revealed comparative advantage in the international wine market. In the international market it is difficult for Georgia to compete large-volume wine production EU countries: France, Italy and Germany. The revealed comparative advantage for USA and Canada is low on the international wine market. However, it is hard for Georgia to compete with the USA wines on the international market, while Georgian wines are more competitive than Canadian.
Abstract: The main objective of the article is to determine competitiveness of Georgian wine exports. Initially, it is shown the current situation of Georgian wine export industry. In analysis part it is taken first 28 countries, where Georgia exports the wine and the period is defined from 2008-2018. In the methodological part, in order to determine competi...
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Enhancing Crop Commercialisation for Food Security in Rural Tanzania: A Case of Liwale District
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
207-215
Received:
22 June 2019
Accepted:
19 July 2019
Published:
5 August 2019
Abstract: This study explores the effect of small-scale agricultural crop commercialisation on household food security in Liwale, Lindi. The study used a household survey data from a sample of 389 households that were collected in 2017. The Principal Component Analysis was used to develop the household food security index and the Cluster Analysis was used to assign the individual households to their respective clusters of food security index. The output side measure of commercialisation was used to develop crop commercialisation index, and lastly, the Ordered Logit Model was used to estimate the effect of commercialisation on food security. The average household food security index is 32%. The majority (64%) of the households were moderately food secured with an average food security index of 32.8% while only 16% of households were relatively more food secure than the rest and with average food security index of 49.1%. The average commercialisation of small-scale agricultural crops is 66%. The results from ordered logit estimation show that crop commercialisation, off-farm income, and access to extension services positively affect the level of household food security while credit negatively affects food security. The implication of the findings is that, small local processing factories should be established in rural areas to promote commercialisation, value addition and increase of market access and linkages to reduce post-harvest losses incurred as a result of poor storage technology and perishability.
Abstract: This study explores the effect of small-scale agricultural crop commercialisation on household food security in Liwale, Lindi. The study used a household survey data from a sample of 389 households that were collected in 2017. The Principal Component Analysis was used to develop the household food security index and the Cluster Analysis was used to...
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A Seminar Review on Impact of Floriculture Industries in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
216-224
Received:
4 June 2019
Accepted:
4 July 2019
Published:
15 August 2019
Abstract: The paper is reviewed the Ethiopian floriculture industries with the objectives to explain the Socio-Economic Significance of Floriculture to Ethiopia, the Socio-economic and Environmental view of Floriculture Industries and to identify the economic implication of floriculture in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has geographical advantages for a floriculture industry, i.e. the high altitude, the vast unexploited arable land and favourable climate for flowers as well as to achieve rapid economic growth. Because of the Government of Ethiopia gave more attention for favourable investment condition and a more enabling atmosphere for private sector development that is the floriculture sector started to grow fast in the last few years that has been increasing investors to invest. Hence, the exports of flowers have generated significant amounts of foreign exchange earnings, contributed to upgrade agricultural production skills, facilitating for best experience sharing and created substantial opportunities for waged employment and self-employment especially for females. However, the expansion of the sector is implemented with environmental degradation i.e. unsafe working conditions of floriculture farm laborers associated to massive chemical usage of the industry, exposing laborers to dangerous pesticides, with failing to provide health safeguards, and with damaging the environment from over use of nature resources as well as even if it creates for many jobs but the amount of pay is not attractive that is why the economic gains is still come at a cost to worker and environmental health. Moreover, the price fluctuation is party attributed to the instability in the supply and the insignificant export volume of cut-flowers is due to the underutilized potential of the sector and the high capital and knowledge intensive nature of the sector. Therefore, the review strongly recommended that Initiate and promote by giving incentives to floriculture producers to exercise integrated pest management practices and use of environmentally friendly agro-chemicals as well as foster better awareness by providing health and safety training to the works. And more importantly, investors ensure that projects respect the rule of law, reflect industry best practice, are viable economically, and result in durable shared value.
Abstract: The paper is reviewed the Ethiopian floriculture industries with the objectives to explain the Socio-Economic Significance of Floriculture to Ethiopia, the Socio-economic and Environmental view of Floriculture Industries and to identify the economic implication of floriculture in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has geographical advantages for a floriculture ind...
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Evaluation of Short and Long Run Impacts of Cotton Price on Rural Poverty of Lialibé and Kossou Producers in Cote d’Ivoire
Kone Siaka,
Noufou Coulibaly,
Djina Djolo Jean Marc Junior
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
225-232
Received:
28 July 2019
Accepted:
30 August 2019
Published:
17 September 2019
Abstract: This paper measures, at the farm level, the short and long-term impacts of the fall in world cotton prices on agricultural incomes and the rural poverty level of cotton producers in Côte d'Ivoire. World cotton prices fell by 40% over the period from 2010 to 2018, this was felt by cotton producers. The objective of the paper is to show the relative importance of cotton for cotton producers and to draw the attention of public decision-makers to put in place public policies in the agricultural sector to support the development of the cotton sector. This paper combines farm survey data from Côte d’Ivoire with assumptions about the decline in farm-level prices to estimate the direct and indirect effects of cotton price reductions on rural income and poverty of Lialibé and Kossou Producers in Cote d’Ivoire. We used the monetary approach and the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke method to measure poverty. The results indicate that there is a strong link between cotton prices and rural welfare of Lialibé and Kossou Producers in Cote d’Ivoire. A 36.11% reduction in farm-level prices of cotton results in an increase in rural poverty of 30.43% points in the short run and 26-30% points in the long run according to elasticities. A 36.11% reduction in farm-level prices of cotton results in an increase in producer’s income of 69% points in the short run and 50-69% points in the long run according to elasticities. Overall, the study demonstrates the impact of changes in world cotton prices on rural poverty in Côte d’Ivoire, thus highlighting the likely negative effects of cotton subsidies on Côte d’Ivoire farmers.
Abstract: This paper measures, at the farm level, the short and long-term impacts of the fall in world cotton prices on agricultural incomes and the rural poverty level of cotton producers in Côte d'Ivoire. World cotton prices fell by 40% over the period from 2010 to 2018, this was felt by cotton producers. The objective of the paper is to show the relative ...
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Value Chain Approach and Quality Certificate Applied to Agriculture Entities for the Management of Fruit Trees
Pérez Jhon,
Pérez Maria Carmen,
González Justo,
González Marisol
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
233-244
Received:
28 August 2019
Accepted:
18 September 2019
Published:
29 September 2019
Abstract: The value chain in the agricultural sector, has increased exponentially to become an instrument for strengthened local economies. The process of updating the economic and social model, in Cuba, has considered to implement new policies, strategies and management models, in which value chains are inserted in the agri-food sector, reinforcing the municipal food self-sufficiency from the local agricultural perspective. The present article constitutes an exercise of participatory innovation, implementing a value chain management model in the production of seven agricultural entities devoted to fruit growing. The management model was applied considering the technical-productive, organizational, economic, environmental and social dimensions and was supported by the application of six innovations, eight technological improvements and five scientific results were introduced. Impacts exceeded the base line indicators in all dimensions studied in value chains. The management system has contributed to local agricultural development in their municipalities which was benefited by the organizational, social and productive contribution. A Participatory Guarantee System (GSP) to certify agro-ecological productions, was used for the first time in the country which also favored the application of agro-ecological practices with a holistic approach.
Abstract: The value chain in the agricultural sector, has increased exponentially to become an instrument for strengthened local economies. The process of updating the economic and social model, in Cuba, has considered to implement new policies, strategies and management models, in which value chains are inserted in the agri-food sector, reinforcing the muni...
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Contract Farming in the Morocco Cereal Sector: Contract Clauses, Ambiguity, and Opportunism
Bouichou El Houssain,
Aziz Fadlaoui,
Khalil Allali,
Radouan Arrach
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
245-253
Received:
27 September 2019
Accepted:
15 October 2019
Published:
24 October 2019
Abstract: Our main aim was to analyze of the various types of contractual clauses framework of Agricultural Aggregation Projects (AAP) in the cereal sector in Morocco. We used the data from the content of the contracts and by individual interviews with key actors complicated in the process of implementation of the aggregation projects of cereals. The results reveal that only eight Agricultural Aggregation Project, out of 119, received the certificate of aggregation. This is reflecting the fact that, the implementation of this model of vertical coordination was underway. In addition, the analysis of the contract-farming data for clauses has shown us 5 important clauses categories: production (quantity and quality) and payment methods; agricultural extension systems; inputs supply; management of risks; and dispute resolution mechanisms. These findings highlight the value added to the contractual clauses and the need to strengthen the visibility and role of the contract farming as a framework to accompany the investments of ‘‘The Green Morocco Plan’’, in particular with regard to agricultural aggregation projects. We also show that the contract participation reduces the transaction costs in aggregation system, reduction in the number of intermediaries and ensure the link between the producers and markets. The study concludes that, despite enactment of laws on farm aggregation, contract smallholders remain vulnerable to opportunist behavior. It suggests that the contract clauses must be accompanied by commensurate controls and Involving farmers in negotiating contract terms to ensure ‘win-win’ outcomes for Aggregator (AG) and Aggregated (Ag).
Abstract: Our main aim was to analyze of the various types of contractual clauses framework of Agricultural Aggregation Projects (AAP) in the cereal sector in Morocco. We used the data from the content of the contracts and by individual interviews with key actors complicated in the process of implementation of the aggregation projects of cereals. The results...
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